On the basis of inheriting the achieved results, Resolution No.24-NQ/TU (2026 - 2030 period) not only continues but also expands the scope, elevates the targets, and refines the approach, clearly reflecting a trend of comprehensive coverage and sustainable development.

Resolution No.17-NQ/TU was a foundation-laying period, focusing on resolving the core and urgent issues of ethnic minority areas such as poverty reduction, investment in essential infrastructure, and the improvement of living conditions. The set targets bore a character of “escaping poverty and ensuring minimums”, reflected through the goal of reducing the average poverty rate by 4% or more per year. Regarding infrastructure, 70% of villages had their traffic roads improved, and over 85% of rural residents used hygienic domestic water... These were foundational targets focusing on “covering” minimum essential services for the people.

Practical implementation has achieved positive results, especially in poverty reduction work. By the end of 2025, the poverty rate among ethnic minorities decreased to 23.32% (compared to the total of 108,642 ethnic minority households), and the near-poverty rate accounted for 16.98%. The infrastructure system has been step-by-step completed with 96.9% of communes having asphalted or concreted roads to their centers; 100% of medical stations ensure operational conditions... The preservation of the cultural identity of ethnic groups has received due attention, with 18 out of 19 ethnic groups having their intangible cultural heritages comprehensively inventoried.

However, the implementation process also revealed limitations. Socio-economic development remains slow and not truly sustainable, with a high rate of falling back into poverty; the poverty and near-poverty rates remain elevated; after rearrangement, 38 out of 45 communes and 923 villages still fall under the category of extreme difficulties. Infrastructure is unsynchronized, and the application of science and technology remains limited. Social issues such as child marriage, free migration, and security and order in ethnic minority and border areas still harbor hidden complexities.

Therefore, in the 2026 - 2030 period, Resolution No.24-NQ/TU has expanded the scope and depth of development. While the previous period focused on poverty reduction and access to basic services, the new period shifts strongly toward comprehensive, inclusive, and sustainable development, with the focus on raising incomes, quality of life, and the self-development capacity of the people. This expansion is clearly demonstrated first of all in the target system, such as the average income of rural residents in 2030 increasing by 2.5 to 3 times compared to 2020; the multidimensional poverty rate decreasing by 3% to 3.5% per year, associated with multidimensional access to education, healthcare, housing, clean water, and information. In the infrastructure field, whereas the previous target was mainly basic transport connectivity, the 2026 - 2030 period sets higher requirements: 100% of villages have asphalted or concreted roads, ensuring year-round travel; over 85% of communes possess adequate essential infrastructure.

In Nà Bủng commune, 1,370 out of 1,883 households are ethnic minorities, within which the poverty rate accounts for up to 65.11% and the near-poverty rate stands at 35.55% - the highest in the entire province. Practice shows that although many support policies have been deployed, the efficiency brought about remains limited. A segment of the population still holds a mindset of waiting and relying on support; the transformation of production methods and the application of science and technology have not spread deeply or widely. Many livelihood models are unsuited to practical conditions and lack connections for product consumption, resulting in low efficiency and a constant latent risk of returning to poverty.

According to the leadership of the Nà Bủng commune People’s Committee, the targets for the 2026 - 2030 period cover fields quite comprehensively. However, to achieve substantial results, the issue lies not only in policies but also in implementation methods tailored to local characteristics. For a highland, border commune facing numerous difficulties like Nà Bủng, concretization needs to follow a “tailor-made” direction, closely tracking each target group, each village, and each hamlet. The focus is on sustainable livelihood development linked with local advantages rather than spreading resources too thin. Concurrently, priority is given to resolving “bottlenecks” such as transport, domestic water, livelihoods, and education.

In the social field, the scope of coverage has also been distinctly elevated. While the previous period set a target of over 98% of ethnic minorities participating in health insurance, the new phase aims for universal health coverage, while setting specific indicators for reducing child malnutrition and improving population quality. Regarding clean water, from the level of over 85% of households using hygienic water, the new resolution raises it to 100% of citizens using hygienic water, within which 55% have access to clean water meeting standard criteria.

The clean water issue is one of the urgent needs, particularly for highland and border areas, which received special attention in the previous period; however, due to various reasons, water shortages still frequently occur in communes. For instance, Mường Luân commune currently has 58 centralized clean water and rural domestic water supply works, yet 11 works are at risk of water shortage and 14 works are no longer operational, leading to frequent domestic water shortages, especially during the dry season.

The main cause is that many works were invested in long ago and have degraded. In addition, management and operation remain limited, with a lack of funds for upkeep and maintenance, causing many works to quickly break down. This reality shows that to achieve the clean water coverage target according to the resolution of the new phase, it should not just stop at construction investment but must place emphasis on improving operational efficiency, establishing sustainable management mechanisms, and selecting solutions suitable for the terrain and water source conditions of each locality, thereby ensuring people have access to stable, long-term water sources.

Resolution No.24-NQ/TU also expands in terms of target groups and the scope of impact. From focusing on exceptionally difficult communes, the new resolution aims toward comprehensive development of ethnic minority and mountainous areas, while narrowing the gap between population groups and regions within the province. The target of reducing 65% of exceptionally difficult communes and villages shows a wider, all-encompassing intervention scope across the region. This is not merely a quantitative figure but also demonstrates the determination to fundamentally change the face of the highlands, aiming toward even development among areas.

Looking at the big picture, the two resolutions have a clear relationship of inheritance and development. The results achieved in the 2021 - 2025 period serve as the foundation for Điện Biên to confidently set higher targets in the subsequent phase. Expanding the scope, raising the coverage level, and aiming toward sustainable development not only reflect practical requirements but also demonstrate the province’s political determination in narrowing the development gap and comprehensively improving the lives of ethnic minorities.